Human A&PBIO 304 · American River College← Week 04 pre-work

BIO 304 · Week 04 · Interactive Workbook

Nervous Tissue, Organization and Anatomy

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Part 1 of 4 · Recall

Fill in the blanks

Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.

Word bank

Central Peripheral Afferent Efferent Somatic Autonomic Dendrites Axon Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte Schwann cell Meninges

  1. The division made of the brain and spinal cord.
  2. The division made of all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
  3. Sensory neurons that carry signals toward the CNS.
  4. Motor neurons that carry signals away from the CNS.
  5. The voluntary motor division that controls skeletal muscle.
  6. The involuntary division that controls organs, glands, and smooth muscle.
  7. The branching receivers that carry signals toward the cell body.
  8. The single long process that carries the signal away from the cell body.
  9. The most numerous CNS glia; helps form the blood-brain barrier.
  10. The CNS glia that myelinates several axons at once.
  11. The PNS glia that myelinates one segment of one axon.
  12. The three connective tissue membranes that protect the CNS.

Define it: high-yield vocabulary

Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.

  1. Afferent
  2. Efferent
  3. Somatic
  4. Autonomic
  5. Soma
  6. Dendrite
  7. Axon
  8. Myelin sheath
  9. Node of Ranvier
  10. Astrocyte
  11. Oligodendrocyte
  12. Cerebrospinal fluid

Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab

Draw and label

Box A. Multipolar neuron

Directions

  1. Draw a cell body. Label it Soma (cell body).
  2. Add many short branching extensions off the soma. Label them Dendrites.
  3. Draw one long process leaving the soma. Label it Axon.
  4. Wrap the axon in separate segments. Label one Myelin sheath.
  5. Mark the bare gaps between segments. Label one Node of Ranvier.
  6. End the axon in small branches. Label them Axon terminals. Add an arrow showing signal direction.
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Box B. Spinal cord cross-section

Directions

  1. Draw an oval for the cord in cross-section.
  2. Inside, draw a butterfly or H shape. Label it Gray matter.
  3. Shade the region outside the H. Label it White matter.
  4. Label the dorsal (posterior) horn and the ventral (anterior) horn.
  5. Mark the small opening in the center. Label it Central canal.
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Structures to label

Label each on your drawing.

  1. Soma (cell body)
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
  4. Myelin sheath
  5. Node of Ranvier
  6. Axon terminal
  7. Gray matter
  8. White matter
  9. Dorsal horn
  10. Ventral horn
  11. Central canal
  12. Meninges

Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab

Reason it through

A. Mechanism trace

Trace a signal through a single neuron from where it is received to where it is passed to the next cell. Name each part in order: dendrites, soma, axon hillock, axon, myelin and nodes, axon terminals.

B. Synthesis

1. In multiple sclerosis, the immune system destroys CNS myelin. Predict the effect on signal conduction and explain why losing myelin slows or blocks the signal.
2. A stroke damages the left frontal lobe. Predict two functions that could be affected and explain why knowing the exact location matters for predicting the deficit.
3. A blockage stops cerebrospinal fluid from leaving the ventricles. Predict the consequence (hydrocephalus) and explain why pressure builds inside the skull.

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