1A. What you will draw
Adaptive immunity is specific (recognizes a particular pathogen) and has memory (responds faster on second exposure). Today you'll draw the two main effector cell types side by side, then an antibody up close.
BIO 304 . WEEK 7 . TUESDAY . LAB WORKBOOK
Adaptive Immunity
B cells, T cells, antibodies, antigen presentation, memory.
Print this page. You will draw your own diagrams from the directions below, then hand-label the structures listed. Drawing by hand is the integrity mechanism for this course.
Part 1 of 2
Anatomy Lab
Box A. B cell vs T cell action
Directions
- Left half: a B cell encountering a free-floating antigen (e.g., a bacterial toxin). Draw the antigen binding the B cell receptor on the surface. Show the B cell differentiating into a plasma cell (label, with rough ER for antibody synthesis) and a memory B cell. Draw antibodies leaving the plasma cell into the surroundings.
- Right half: a cytotoxic T cell (CD8) encountering an infected host cell. The infected cell presents a viral antigen on its surface bound to MHC class I (draw both). The T cell's T-cell receptor (TCR) binds the MHC-I + antigen complex. The T cell releases perforin and granzymes, punching the infected cell and triggering apoptosis. Draw the infected cell dying.
- Label B cell, plasma cell, memory B cell, antibody on the left. Label cytotoxic T cell, TCR, MHC I, perforin/granzyme, apoptosis on the right.
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
Box B. Antibody structure
Directions
- Draw a single antibody molecule as a Y shape.
- Show four protein chains: two heavy chains (long) forming the stem and inner arms of the Y, two light chains (short) on the outer arms. Label.
- Draw disulfide bonds (small dashes) connecting the chains.
- Color or shade the TOPS of the two arms differently from the rest: these are the variable regions where antigen binding happens. Label antigen-binding site (two per antibody).
- The rest of the molecule is the constant region. Label.
- Below the antibody, draw a small antigen with surface features (epitopes) that fit the antigen-binding sites. Show the antibody-antigen binding.
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
1C. Structures to label (19)
After you finish each drawing, label every structure below directly on your sketch.
- B cell
- Plasma cell
- Memory B cell
- B cell receptor
- Antibody
- Cytotoxic T cell (CD8)
- Helper T cell (CD4)
- T cell receptor (TCR)
- MHC class I
- MHC class II
- Perforin
- Granzyme
- Apoptosis
- Heavy chain
- Light chain
- Variable region
- Constant region
- Antigen-binding site
- Antigen (epitope)
Part 2 of 2
Physiology Lab
2A. Primary vs secondary immune response
Draw a graph (x-axis = time in days, y-axis = antibody concentration in blood) showing the primary vs secondary antibody response. On Day 0, the patient is exposed to antigen X. On Day 30, exposed again. Then answer the questions.
2B. Synthesis questions
Answer each in 2 to 4 sentences. Use the language from this week's lecture and your drawings as evidence.
1. Explain how a vaccine works using the primary vs secondary response. Why does a vaccine produce immunity even though no real infection ever occurred?
2. HIV preferentially infects and destroys helper T cells (CD4). Predict the consequences for both the B cell response and the cytotoxic T cell response, and explain why HIV patients eventually develop opportunistic infections (AIDS).
3. Autoimmune disease occurs when adaptive immunity targets self tissues. Pick one autoimmune disease (e.g., Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis). Identify which self tissue is targeted and predict the consequences when adaptive immunity attacks that tissue.
3. What to submit
Complete both the Anatomy Lab (your own drawings, hand-labeled, plus the structures list) and the Physiology Lab (activity and synthesis questions). Photograph or scan every page and upload to Canvas before the deadline listed on the schedule. Hand-drawn, hand-labeled work is the integrity mechanism for this course. Typed or AI-generated diagrams are not accepted.