Human A&PBIO 304 · American River College← Week 04 pre-work

BIO 304 · Week 04 · Interactive Workbook

Muscle Tissue and Anatomy

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Part 1 of 4 · Recall

Fill in the blanks

Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.

Word bank

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium Fascicle Sarcomere Origin Insertion Agonist Antagonist

  1. Striated, multinucleate, voluntary muscle that attaches to and moves bone.
  2. Striated, branching, involuntary muscle of the heart wall, joined by intercalated discs.
  3. Non-striated, spindle-shaped, involuntary muscle in the walls of hollow organs.
  4. Dense irregular connective tissue wrapping the whole muscle.
  5. Connective tissue wrapping a fascicle.
  6. Connective tissue wrapping a single muscle fiber.
  7. A bundle of muscle fibers.
  8. The functional unit of contraction, measured Z-line to Z-line.
  9. The muscle attachment that stays relatively fixed during a movement.
  10. The muscle attachment that moves toward the origin during contraction.
  11. The prime mover of a joint action (biceps in elbow flexion).
  12. The muscle that opposes the prime mover (triceps in elbow flexion).

Define it: high-yield vocabulary

Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.

  1. Epimysium
  2. Perimysium
  3. Endomysium
  4. Fascicle
  5. Myofibril
  6. Sarcomere
  7. Origin
  8. Insertion
  9. Agonist
  10. Antagonist
  11. Synergist
  12. Lever

Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab

Draw and label

Box A. Connective tissue hierarchy (whole muscle to myofibril)

Directions

  1. Draw a long oval for a whole muscle in cross-section. Wrap it in a thin line. Label that line Epimysium.
  2. Inside the oval, draw three or four smaller circles. Each is a fascicle. Wrap one with a thin line. Label that line Perimysium.
  3. Inside one fascicle, draw several smaller circles. Each is a muscle fiber. Wrap one with a thin line. Label that line Endomysium.
  4. Inside one muscle fiber, draw a stack of long rods. Each is a myofibril. Label one Myofibril.
  5. Above your drawing, write the wrappings from outside to inside in one short sentence.
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Your uploaded drawing for Box A. Connective tissue hierarchy (whole muscle to myofibril)

Box B. Sarcomere close-up

Directions

  1. Draw a long rectangle. Mark the left and right ends with vertical lines. Label both Z line.
  2. Draw a vertical line in the center. Label it M line.
  3. Draw thick filaments (myosin) in the middle and thin filaments (actin) reaching in from each Z line.
  4. Bracket and label the A band (full length of the thick filaments).
  5. Bracket and label the I band (thin-only region) and the H zone (thick-only center).
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Your uploaded drawing for Box B. Sarcomere close-up

Structures to label

Label each on your drawing.

  1. Epimysium
  2. Perimysium
  3. Endomysium
  4. Fascicle
  5. Muscle fiber
  6. Myofibril
  7. Sarcomere
  8. Z line
  9. M line
  10. A band
  11. I band
  12. H zone
  13. Thick filament (myosin)
  14. Thin filament (actin)
  15. Origin
  16. Insertion

Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab

Reason it through

A. Mechanism trace

Explain how the connective tissue wrappers (endomysium, perimysium, epimysium) join together into a tendon and connect a single myofibril all the way to bone, and why that continuity is what lets a contraction move the skeleton.

B. Synthesis

1. Compare skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle on three features: striations, number of nuclei per cell, and voluntary versus involuntary control.
2. A biceps curl is a third-class lever. Identify the fulcrum, the effort, and the load, and explain the speed-versus-force trade-off this lever class makes.
3. A muscle is named flexor carpi radialis. Predict its action, its region, and its position from the name, and explain what each part of the name tells you.

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