Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.
Word bank
StriatedMultinucleateWhereOne central nucleusInvoluntaryWhereOne central nucleusWhereSoma (cell body)Axon terminalMyelin sheathAstrocyteMicrogliaSchwann cell
visible bands from organized sarcomeres
long fibers fused from many myoblasts
attaches to bone; moves the skeleton
short branching cells
autorhythmic; ANS modulates rate
heart wall only
small cells, single nucleus
walls of hollow organs and vessels
nucleus + most organelles; integration point
releases neurotransmitter at the synapse
fatty insulation on axon; speeds conduction
most numerous; blood-brain barrier, K+ buffering
CNS macrophages; immune surveillance
myelinates PNS axons (one cell wraps one segment of one axon)
Define it: high-yield vocabulary
Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Striations
Voluntary control
Involuntary control
Neuron
Dendrite
Axon
Neuroglia
Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab
Draw and label
Box A. Three muscle types side by side
Directions
Left: Skeletal muscle. Draw long parallel cylindrical fibers with visible cross-striations. Place several nuclei at the edge of each fiber (multinucleate). Label striated, multinucleate, voluntary.
Center: Cardiac muscle. Draw shorter branched cells with cross-striations. Show one or two central nuclei per cell. Show intercalated discs (thick lines at cell junctions). Label striated, branched, intercalated discs, involuntary.
Right: Smooth muscle. Draw spindle-shaped cells with a single central nucleus. No striations. Label non-striated, single nucleus, involuntary.
Under each, list one typical location: skeletal = limb muscles; cardiac = heart only; smooth = walls of hollow organs, blood vessels.
ColorSizeTool
Box B. Basic neuron
Directions
Draw a neuron. Cell body (soma) with nucleus. Several short branched dendrites. One long axon. Axon terminals at the end.
Add a myelin sheath wrapping segments of the axon with gaps (nodes of Ranvier) between segments.
Note next to the neuron: nervous tissue function = generate and conduct electrical signals; muscle tissue function = contract in response to signals.
ColorSizeTool
Structures to label
Label each on your drawing.
Skeletal muscle fiber
Cardiac muscle cell
Smooth muscle cell
Cross-striations
Intercalated disc
Multinucleate
Single central nucleus
Cell body (soma)
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
Axon terminal
Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab
Reason it through
A. Muscle comparison table
Intercalated discs contain gap junctions that allow ions to flow between cardiac cells. Explain why this is functionally critical for the heart.
Both skeletal and cardiac muscle are striated. What does that visible pattern tell us about how they generate force? Why does smooth muscle look different even though it also uses actin and myosin?
B. Synthesis
1. Damaged skeletal muscle can be partly replaced by satellite cell activation; damaged cardiac muscle is replaced by scar (non-contractile) tissue. Predict the long-term consequences of a heart attack on cardiac function, and contrast with recovery from a torn skeletal muscle.
2. Smooth muscle is found in the wall of the gut and contracts in slow waves (peristalsis). Predict what happens to digestion in a region of gut where the smooth muscle is damaged.
3. Action potentials in neurons travel at speeds up to 100 meters per second in myelinated axons. Predict what happens to signal speed when myelin is damaged (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and what symptoms might result.
Submit
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