1A. What you will draw
The appendicular skeleton hangs off the axial skeleton via the pectoral and pelvic girdles. Today you'll draw the upper limb and the lower limb, each with its girdle.
BIO 304 . WEEK 3 . THURSDAY . LAB WORKBOOK
Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral and pelvic girdles, plus the upper and lower limb bones.
Print this page. You will draw your own diagrams from the directions below, then hand-label the structures listed. Drawing by hand is the integrity mechanism for this course.
Part 1 of 2
Anatomy Lab
Box A. Upper limb (right side, anterior view)
Directions
- Draw a right shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand in anterior view.
- Pectoral girdle: clavicle (collarbone, horizontal across the top) and scapula (shoulder blade, behind, mostly hidden in anterior view but indicate its position).
- Arm: humerus (single long bone from shoulder to elbow).
- Forearm: radius (lateral, thumb side) and ulna (medial, pinky side). Show that the radius and ulna can rotate around each other (pronation/supination).
- Wrist and hand: 8 carpals (sketch as a cluster), 5 metacarpals (palm), 14 phalanges (3 in each finger, 2 in the thumb).
- Label every bone group.
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
Box B. Lower limb (right side, anterior view)
Directions
- Draw a right hip, thigh, leg, and foot in anterior view.
- Pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, and pubis fused into one hip bone (coxal bone). Label all three regions.
- Thigh: femur (single long bone, the longest in the body). Show the femoral head fitting into the acetabulum (hip socket) and the femoral neck (a common fracture site in elderly patients).
- Show the patella (kneecap) in front of the knee.
- Leg: tibia (medial, weight-bearing, shin bone) and fibula (lateral, thinner, non-weight-bearing).
- Ankle and foot: 7 tarsals (cluster), 5 metatarsals (foot arch), 14 phalanges (toes).
- Label every bone group, plus the femoral head, femoral neck, and acetabulum specifically.
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
1C. Structures to label (21)
After you finish each drawing, label every structure below directly on your sketch.
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges (hand)
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
- Acetabulum
- Femur
- Femoral head
- Femoral neck
- Patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges (foot)
Part 2 of 2
Physiology Lab
2A. Name that bone
For each position description below, name the bone. Be specific: include side (left vs right) and exact bone name.
1. The bone on the thumb side of the forearm.
2. The bone between the elbow and the shoulder.
3. The medial bone of the lower leg, which bears most of the body's weight.
4. The kneecap, a sesamoid bone embedded in the patellar tendon.
5. The fused hip bones that together form the pelvic girdle.
6. The bone of the foot that articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint (talus).
7. The proximal phalanx of the great toe (hallux).
2B. Synthesis questions
Answer each in 2 to 4 sentences. Use the language from this week's lecture and your drawings as evidence.
1. An elderly patient falls and is diagnosed with a 'hip fracture.' Anatomically, the fracture is usually NOT at the pelvic bone itself. Where is it most commonly located, and why is this site particularly vulnerable?
2. A child falls and lands on their outstretched hand. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone in this scenario in children. Explain the mechanical reason why force from the hand transmits to the clavicle.
3. Compare the pectoral girdle to the pelvic girdle: which is more mobile, and which is more stable? Justify with two anatomical features, and predict which one is more often injured.
3. What to submit
Complete both the Anatomy Lab (your own drawings, hand-labeled, plus the structures list) and the Physiology Lab (activity and synthesis questions). Photograph or scan every page and upload to Canvas before the deadline listed on the schedule. Hand-drawn, hand-labeled work is the integrity mechanism for this course. Typed or AI-generated diagrams are not accepted.