Human A&PBIO 304 · American River College ← Week 03 pre-work

BIO 304 · Week 03 · Interactive Workbook

Joints & Body Movements

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Part 1 of 4 · Recall

Fill in the blanks

Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.

Word bank

synarthrosisamphiarthrosisdiarthrosisfibrouscartilaginoussynovialsynovial fluidarticular cartilageplanehingepivotcondyloidsaddleball-and-socketflexionextensionabductionadductionrotationcircumduction

  1. An immovable joint is a ; a slightly movable one is an ; a freely movable one is a .
  2. The three structural classes by tissue are , , and .
  3. Freely movable joints contain that lubricates the joint.
  4. The bone ends in a synovial joint are capped by .
  5. A joint (elbow) allows movement in one plane.
  6. A joint (shoulder, hip) allows the widest range of motion.
  7. A joint (proximal radioulnar) allows rotation.
  8. The thumb’s carpometacarpal joint is a joint; the wrist is a joint.
  9. Intercarpal joints are (gliding) joints.
  10. Decreasing the angle at a joint is ; increasing it is .
  11. Moving a limb away from the midline is ; toward it is .
  12. Turning a bone around its long axis is ; moving a limb in a cone is .

Define it: high-yield vocabulary

Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.

  1. Fibrous joint
  2. Cartilaginous joint
  3. Synovial joint
  4. Synarthrosis
  5. Amphiarthrosis
  6. Diarthrosis
  7. Synovial fluid
  8. Articular cartilage
  9. Flexion
  10. Extension
  11. Abduction
  12. Adduction
  13. Rotation
  14. Circumduction

Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab

Draw and label

Box A. Six synovial joint types

Directions

  1. Draw a small sketch for each of the six types: plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket.
  2. For each, show the two joint surfaces and label the type.
  3. Add one body example each (e.g., elbow = hinge, shoulder = ball-and-socket).
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Box B. Body movements

Directions

  1. Draw 8 small stick-figure pictograms, one per movement, and label each.
  2. Flexion and extension; abduction and adduction.
  3. Rotation and circumduction.
  4. Pronation/supination at the forearm; dorsiflexion/plantarflexion at the ankle.
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Structures to label

Label each on your drawing.

  1. Plane
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Condyloid
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball-and-socket
  7. Flexion
  8. Extension
  9. Abduction
  10. Adduction
  11. Rotation
  12. Circumduction
  13. Pronation
  14. Supination
  15. Dorsiflexion
  16. Plantarflexion

Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab

Reason it through

A. Structure and function

1. Bending the knee while sitting.
2. Raising the arm overhead to the side.
3. Rotating the forearm so the palm faces up.
4. Touching the thumb to the pinky finger.
5. Shaking the head “no.”
6. Pointing the toes.

B. Synthesis

1. The shoulder and hip are both ball-and-socket. Explain why the shoulder is more mobile but dislocates more easily, while the hip is more stable but less mobile.
2. A patient cannot rotate the forearm so the palm faces up. Which joint is impaired, what is its structural type, and what daily task becomes difficult?
3. Sketch flexion versus extension at the elbow, knee, and neck. Explain why flexion at the neck looks different from flexion at the elbow though the term is the same.

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