1A. What you will draw
Synovial joints are the freely movable joints of the body. Six structural types, each allowing a specific range of motion. Today you'll draw all six, then sketch the body movements they enable.
BIO 304 . WEEK 3 . FRIDAY . LAB WORKBOOK
Joints and Body Movements
Synovial joint types and the movements they allow.
Print this page. You will draw your own diagrams from the directions below, then hand-label the structures listed. Drawing by hand is the integrity mechanism for this course.
Part 1 of 2
Anatomy Lab
Box A. Six types of synovial joints
Directions
- Draw 6 small sketches, one for each synovial joint type. For each, draw two articulating bones with their joint surfaces and label the joint type and one body example.
- Plane (gliding) joint: flat-on-flat surfaces. Example: intercarpal joints.
- Hinge joint: rounded on cylindrical. Example: elbow.
- Pivot joint: rounded peg in ring. Example: proximal radioulnar joint (allows pronation/supination); atlas-axis (no rotation).
- Condyloid (ellipsoidal): oval-shaped condyle in oval socket. Example: radiocarpal joint (wrist).
- Saddle joint: saddle shapes on each bone, interlocking. Example: thumb carpometacarpal.
- Ball-and-socket: spherical head in cup-shaped socket. Example: shoulder, hip.
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
Box B. Body movements
Directions
- Draw 8 small stick-figure pictograms, each showing one body movement. Label each.
- Flexion (decreasing angle, e.g., bending the elbow).
- Extension (increasing angle, e.g., straightening the elbow).
- Abduction (moving away from midline, e.g., raising arm to the side).
- Adduction (moving toward midline, e.g., lowering arm to side).
- Rotation (turning around a long axis, e.g., turning the head side to side).
- Circumduction (cone-shaped movement, e.g., big arm circles).
- Pronation (palm faces down) and Supination (palm faces up) at the forearm.
- Dorsiflexion (foot up toward shin) and Plantarflexion (foot down, point toes).
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
1C. Structures to label (16)
After you finish each drawing, label every structure below directly on your sketch.
- Plane joint
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Condyloid joint
- Saddle joint
- Ball-and-socket joint
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Rotation
- Circumduction
- Pronation
- Supination
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantarflexion
Part 2 of 2
Physiology Lab
2A. Match the joint type to the motion
For each body motion below, identify (a) the joint where it happens and (b) the structural joint type that allows it.
1. Bending the knee while sitting.
2. Raising the arm overhead to the side.
3. Rotating the forearm so the palm faces up (supination).
4. Touching your thumb to your pinky finger.
5. Nodding your head yes.
6. Shaking your head no.
7. Pointing your toes (plantarflexion).
2B. Synthesis questions
Answer each in 2 to 4 sentences. Use the language from this week's lecture and your drawings as evidence.
1. Compare the shoulder and the hip joints. Both are ball-and-socket. Explain in two or three sentences why the shoulder is more mobile but more prone to dislocation, while the hip is more stable but less mobile.
2. A patient cannot rotate their forearm so the palm faces up. Which joint is most likely impaired, and what is its structural type? Predict one daily activity this patient would find difficult.
3. Sketch the difference between flexion and extension at three different joints (elbow, knee, neck). Explain why 'flexion' at the neck looks different from flexion at the elbow even though the term is the same.
3. What to submit
Complete both the Anatomy Lab (your own drawings, hand-labeled, plus the structures list) and the Physiology Lab (activity and synthesis questions). Photograph or scan every page and upload to Canvas before the deadline listed on the schedule. Hand-drawn, hand-labeled work is the integrity mechanism for this course. Typed or AI-generated diagrams are not accepted.