Human A&PBIO 304 · American River College ← Week 06 pre-work

BIO 304 · Week 06 · Interactive Workbook

Blood Composition & Hemopoiesis

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Part 1 of 4 · Recall

Fill in the blanks

Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.

Word bank

Nutrients, wastes, gases, hormonesNever Let Monkeys Eat BananasLymphocyteHematopoietic stem cell (HSC)Myeloid lineageBiconcave discAlbuminBasophilPlatelets (thrombocytes)NeutrophilLifespanFibrinogenWater (~92%)Erythropoietin (EPO)Erythrocytes (RBC)

  1. solvent for everything else
  2. most abundant plasma protein; sets oncotic pressure; carries hormones, drugs
  3. clotting precursor; becomes fibrin in clots
  4. dissolved transit cargo
  5. 4-6 million/µL; biconcave disc; no nucleus; carries O₂ via hemoglobin
  6. 150,000-400,000/µL; cell fragments; clotting
  7. ~120 days; recycled in spleen
  8. increases surface area; flexible for capillaries
  9. most numerous WBC (50-70%); multi-lobed nucleus; first responder; bacterial phagocyte
  10. <1%; deep blue granules; releases histamine + heparin; allergic response
  11. 20-40%; large round nucleus, little cytoplasm; T cells, B cells, NK cells
  12. order of WBC abundance: Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
  13. pluripotent; gives rise to all blood cells
  14. RBCs, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes
  15. kidney hormone; drives RBC production in response to low O₂

Define it: high-yield vocabulary

Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.

  1. Plasma
  2. Albumin
  3. Erythrocyte (RBC)
  4. Leukocyte (WBC)
  5. Platelet
  6. Hemoglobin
  7. Hematocrit
  8. Hematopoiesis
  9. Erythropoietin (EPO)
  10. Neutrophil
  11. Lymphocyte
  12. Monocyte

Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab

Draw and label

Box A. Blood smear

Directions

  1. Draw a blood smear field as if seen through a microscope: lots of small biconcave discs and a few larger nucleated cells.
  2. Draw many red blood cells (erythrocytes): small, round, biconcave (pale center), no nucleus. Label.
  3. Draw one neutrophil: a leukocyte with a multi-lobed nucleus (3 to 5 lobes) connected by thin strands. Most common WBC. Label.
  4. Draw one lymphocyte: a leukocyte with a large round dark nucleus filling most of the cell, very thin rim of cytoplasm. Label.
  5. Draw one monocyte: a leukocyte with a kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped nucleus, larger than the others. Label.
  6. Draw one eosinophil: a leukocyte with a bilobed nucleus and pink-red cytoplasmic granules. Label.
  7. Draw a few platelets (thrombocytes): tiny irregular cell fragments, no nucleus. Label.
  8. In the background, write Plasma (the yellow fluid between cells, about 55% of blood volume). Label.
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Box B. Hemopoiesis tree

Directions

  1. Draw a tree diagram starting at the top with a single cell: the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in red bone marrow.
  2. Branch downward into two paths: myeloid lineage (left) and lymphoid lineage (right).
  3. Myeloid lineage produces: erythrocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes (which become macrophages), and platelets (from megakaryocytes).
  4. Lymphoid lineage produces: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells.
  5. Draw arrows pointing down at each branch. Label every cell type.
  6. At the bottom of the tree, list which cell types END UP IN BLOOD vs which migrate elsewhere (e.g., T cells mature in the thymus, not in marrow).
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Structures to label

Label each on your drawing.

  1. Red blood cell (erythrocyte)
  2. Plasma
  3. Neutrophil
  4. Lymphocyte
  5. Monocyte
  6. Eosinophil
  7. Basophil
  8. Platelet (thrombocyte)
  9. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
  10. Myeloid lineage
  11. Lymphoid lineage
  12. Megakaryocyte
  13. Macrophage
  14. B lymphocyte
  15. T lymphocyte
  16. Natural killer cell

Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab

Reason it through

A. Match the cell to its job

1. Carries oxygen from lungs to tissues using hemoglobin.
2. First responder to a bacterial infection; phagocytoses bacteria.
3. Long-term, antibody-based immune response.
4. Direct cell-mediated immunity, including killing virus-infected cells.
5. Fights parasitic infections and modulates allergic responses.
6. Releases histamine in allergic and inflammatory responses.
7. Becomes a tissue macrophage after leaving the bloodstream.
8. Forms the initial platelet plug at a site of vascular injury.

B. Synthesis

1. Anemia is a deficiency of functional erythrocytes or hemoglobin. Predict the patient's symptoms (energy, exertion tolerance, skin color, heart rate) and explain why each occurs in terms of oxygen delivery.
2. Leukemia is a cancer of white blood cell precursors in the bone marrow. The marrow produces many non-functional cells, crowding out normal hemopoiesis. Predict consequences across all three blood cell lineages and explain why patients become both immunocompromised AND anemic AND prone to bleeding.
3. An athlete moves to high altitude (lower oxygen). Within weeks, their hematocrit (proportion of red cells) rises. Explain the mechanism, including which hormone signals this change and which organ produces it.

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