Human A&PBIO 304 · American River College ← Week 06 pre-work

BIO 304 · Week 06 · Interactive Workbook

Heart Anatomy & Function

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Part 1 of 4 · Recall

Fill in the blanks

Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.

Word bank

Pulmonary veins (4)1TricuspidCoronary sinusS1 ("lub")Aortic semilunarVentricular diastole (early)S44Right ventriclePreloadEnd-systolic volume (ESV)EndocardiumEpicardiumAtrial systole

  1. visceral layer of serous pericardium
  2. inner endothelial lining; continuous with vessels
  3. pumps to pulmonary trunk; thin wall (~3 mm)
  4. right AV valve; three cusps
  5. between LV and aorta
  6. returns heart's own blood to RA
  7. return from lungs to LA
  8. body → SVC/IVC → right atrium
  9. lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium
  10. atria contract; top off the ventricles
  11. isovolumetric relaxation; all valves closed; pressure drops
  12. AV valves closing at start of ventricular systole
  13. atrial contraction into stiff ventricle; abnormal
  14. volume left after contraction
  15. EDV — stretch of ventricle before contraction

Define it: high-yield vocabulary

Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.

  1. Myocardium
  2. Pericardium
  3. Atrium
  4. Ventricle
  5. Tricuspid valve
  6. Bicuspid (mitral) valve
  7. Semilunar valve
  8. Systole
  9. Diastole
  10. Stroke volume
  11. Cardiac output
  12. Preload
  13. Afterload
  14. Ejection fraction

Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab

Draw and label

Box A. Heart in frontal section

Directions

  1. Draw the heart with the apex pointing down and to the patient's left. Show four chambers separated by septa.
  2. Top right: right atrium (RA). Top left: left atrium (LA). Bottom right: right ventricle (RV). Bottom left: left ventricle (LV). Label each.
  3. Show the four valves: tricuspid (between RA and RV), pulmonary (between RV and pulmonary trunk), mitral or bicuspid (between LA and LV), aortic (between LV and aorta). Label each valve with arrows showing one-way flow.
  4. Show the great vessels: superior vena cava + inferior vena cava draining into RA; pulmonary trunk leaving RV (to lungs); pulmonary veins entering LA (from lungs); aorta leaving LV.
  5. Add arrows tracing blood flow: deoxygenated blood enters RA, through tricuspid into RV, out pulmonary to lungs; oxygenated blood returns to LA, through mitral into LV, out aorta to body.
  6. Note: the LV wall is thicker than the RV wall. Show this with a thicker line. Label myocardium.
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Structures to label

Label each on your drawing.

  1. Right atrium
  2. Left atrium
  3. Right ventricle
  4. Left ventricle
  5. Tricuspid valve
  6. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
  7. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  8. Aortic semilunar valve
  9. Superior vena cava
  10. Inferior vena cava
  11. Pulmonary trunk
  12. Pulmonary veins
  13. Aorta
  14. Interventricular septum
  15. Myocardium

Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab

Reason it through

A. Trace one drop of blood from RA to body

Explain the main structure-function relationship for this topic.

B. Synthesis

1. A patient has mitral valve regurgitation (the mitral valve doesn't close fully). Predict the effect on blood flow during left ventricular systole, and predict the symptom the patient most often reports.
2. A myocardial infarction (heart attack) damages the LV wall. Predict the effect on stroke volume, ejection fraction, and the patient's exercise tolerance. Why does LV damage cause backup of blood into the lungs (pulmonary congestion)?
3. The LV wall is much thicker than the RV wall. Explain why this difference exists, in terms of the pressure the LV must generate vs the RV. What changes in the RV wall when chronic pulmonary hypertension develops?

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