Human A&PBIO 304 · American River College ← Week 06 pre-work

BIO 304 · Week 06 · Interactive Workbook

Hemostasis & Blood Typing

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Part 1 of 4 · Recall

Fill in the blanks

Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.

Word bank

ActivationCross-linkingRh-Vitamin K dependent factorsSecond exposureMechanismType ABExtrinsic pathway1. Vascular spasmO- universal donor RBCType A3. CoagulationPlasma transfusionHemophilia BAntithrombin III

  1. immediate vasoconstriction; reduces blood loss for minutes
  2. fibrin mesh reinforces the platelet plug; durable seal
  3. platelets release ADP, thromboxane A2, serotonin
  4. triggered by tissue factor from injured tissue; factor VII; faster start
  5. factor XIII stabilizes fibrin into stable clot
  6. II, VII, IX, X (and proteins C, S)
  7. inhibits thrombin and other coagulation factors
  8. A antigen on RBC; anti-B antibody in plasma
  9. A and B antigens; no anti-A or anti-B antibodies — universal recipient
  10. no D antigen; can produce anti-D if exposed to Rh+ blood
  11. antibodies attack Rh+ cells (transfusion reaction)
  12. mom's anti-D crosses placenta in subsequent pregnancy and attacks fetal RBCs
  13. no A, B, or Rh antigens on cells
  14. reverse rules: AB plasma is universal donor; O is universal recipient
  15. factor IX deficiency; X-linked

Define it: high-yield vocabulary

Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.

  1. Hemostasis
  2. Vascular spasm
  3. Platelet plug
  4. Coagulation
  5. Fibrin
  6. Intrinsic pathway
  7. Extrinsic pathway
  8. Common pathway
  9. Fibrinolysis
  10. ABO blood groups
  11. Rh factor
  12. Universal donor
  13. Universal recipient

Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab

Draw and label

Box A. The three steps of hemostasis

Directions

  1. Draw a cut blood vessel in cross-section. Show blood escaping.
  2. Step 1: Vascular spasm. Draw the vessel constricting at the injury site (smaller diameter). Label.
  3. Step 2: Platelet plug formation. Draw platelets adhering to exposed collagen at the injury, sticking to each other and forming a soft plug. Label.
  4. Step 3: Coagulation. Draw a meshwork of fibrin strands trapping platelets and red blood cells. The platelet plug is now reinforced into a stable clot. Label fibrin, clot.
  5. Below the drawing, write a one-sentence summary of what triggers each step.
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Box B. ABO blood typing matrix

Directions

  1. Draw a 4-by-3 table.
  2. Rows: blood types A, B, AB, O.
  3. Columns: antigens present on RBC, antibodies in plasma, can give blood to, can receive blood from.
  4. Fill in each cell for each blood type.
  5. Examples: Type A has A antigens on RBCs, anti-B antibodies in plasma, can give to A and AB, can receive from A and O.
  6. Note Type O is the universal donor (no antigens) and Type AB is the universal recipient (no antibodies).
  7. Below the matrix, add Rh: Rh-positive has Rh antigen on RBCs; Rh-negative does not. Anti-Rh antibodies only develop after exposure.
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Structures to label

Label each on your drawing.

  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Platelet plug
  3. Fibrin
  4. Clot
  5. Coagulation cascade
  6. Collagen (exposed)
  7. Type A
  8. Type B
  9. Type AB
  10. Type O
  11. A antigen
  12. B antigen
  13. Anti-A antibody
  14. Anti-B antibody
  15. Rh antigen
  16. Universal donor (O-negative)
  17. Universal recipient (AB-positive)

Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab

Reason it through

A. Transfusion compatibility

1. Donor type A blood given to a type B recipient.
2. Donor type O blood given to a type AB recipient.
3. Donor type AB blood given to a type O recipient.
4. Donor Rh-positive blood given to an Rh-negative recipient who has never been transfused before.
5. Donor Rh-positive blood given to an Rh-negative recipient who has already received Rh-positive blood once before.
6. Donor type O-negative blood given to a type B-positive recipient.

B. Synthesis

1. Hemophilia A is a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Walk through hemostasis and explain which step fails, while pointing out which steps are still intact. Why do patients still form initial platelet plugs?
2. Warfarin (Coumadin) is a common anticoagulant. It blocks the synthesis of vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. Predict the effect on hemostasis at low and high doses, and explain why patients on warfarin need regular blood tests to monitor clotting time.
3. An Rh-negative woman has her first child with an Rh-positive man. The first pregnancy is usually fine, but the second can be dangerous. Explain mechanistically what happens between pregnancies and why Rh immunoglobulin (RhoGAM) is given to prevent this complication.

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