1A. What you will draw
Two clinically important topics today. Hemostasis is the three-step process that stops bleeding after vascular injury. Blood typing determines which transfusions are safe.
BIO 304 . WEEK 6 . MONDAY . LAB WORKBOOK
Hemostasis and Blood Typing
How bleeding stops, and why blood types matter for transfusion.
Print this page. You will draw your own diagrams from the directions below, then hand-label the structures listed. Drawing by hand is the integrity mechanism for this course.
Part 1 of 2
Anatomy Lab
Box A. The three steps of hemostasis
Directions
- Draw a cut blood vessel in cross-section. Show blood escaping.
- Step 1: Vascular spasm. Draw the vessel constricting at the injury site (smaller diameter). Label.
- Step 2: Platelet plug formation. Draw platelets adhering to exposed collagen at the injury, sticking to each other and forming a soft plug. Label.
- Step 3: Coagulation. Draw a meshwork of fibrin strands trapping platelets and red blood cells. The platelet plug is now reinforced into a stable clot. Label fibrin, clot.
- Below the drawing, write a one-sentence summary of what triggers each step.
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
Box B. ABO blood typing matrix
Directions
- Draw a 4-by-3 table.
- Rows: blood types A, B, AB, O.
- Columns: antigens present on RBC, antibodies in plasma, can give blood to, can receive blood from.
- Fill in each cell for each blood type.
- Examples: Type A has A antigens on RBCs, anti-B antibodies in plasma, can give to A and AB, can receive from A and O.
- Note Type O is the universal donor (no antigens) and Type AB is the universal recipient (no antibodies).
- Below the matrix, add Rh: Rh-positive has Rh antigen on RBCs; Rh-negative does not. Anti-Rh antibodies only develop after exposure.
Draw here. Sketch by hand.
1C. Structures to label (17)
After you finish each drawing, label every structure below directly on your sketch.
- Vascular spasm
- Platelet plug
- Fibrin
- Clot
- Coagulation cascade
- Collagen (exposed)
- Type A
- Type B
- Type AB
- Type O
- A antigen
- B antigen
- Anti-A antibody
- Anti-B antibody
- Rh antigen
- Universal donor (O-negative)
- Universal recipient (AB-positive)
Part 2 of 2
Physiology Lab
2A. Transfusion compatibility
For each patient-donor pair below, determine if the transfusion is SAFE or DANGEROUS, and explain in one sentence why.
1. Donor type A blood given to a type B recipient.
2. Donor type O blood given to a type AB recipient.
3. Donor type AB blood given to a type O recipient.
4. Donor Rh-positive blood given to an Rh-negative recipient who has never been transfused before.
5. Donor Rh-positive blood given to an Rh-negative recipient who has already received Rh-positive blood once before.
6. Donor type O-negative blood given to a type B-positive recipient.
2B. Synthesis questions
Answer each in 2 to 4 sentences. Use the language from this week's lecture and your drawings as evidence.
1. Hemophilia A is a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Walk through hemostasis and explain which step fails, while pointing out which steps are still intact. Why do patients still form initial platelet plugs?
2. Warfarin (Coumadin) is a common anticoagulant. It blocks the synthesis of vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. Predict the effect on hemostasis at low and high doses, and explain why patients on warfarin need regular blood tests to monitor clotting time.
3. An Rh-negative woman has her first child with an Rh-positive man. The first pregnancy is usually fine, but the second can be dangerous. Explain mechanistically what happens between pregnancies and why Rh immunoglobulin (RhoGAM) is given to prevent this complication.
3. What to submit
Complete both the Anatomy Lab (your own drawings, hand-labeled, plus the structures list) and the Physiology Lab (activity and synthesis questions). Photograph or scan every page and upload to Canvas before the deadline listed on the schedule. Hand-drawn, hand-labeled work is the integrity mechanism for this course. Typed or AI-generated diagrams are not accepted.