Human A&PBIO 304 · American River College ← Week 08 pre-work

BIO 304 · Week 08 · Interactive Workbook

Female Reproductive System

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Part 1 of 4 · Recall

Fill in the blanks

Type the term that completes each statement, using the word bank. Pull it from memory first.

Word bank

Fallopian tubesLHUterusSecondary follicleBartholin glandsEndometriumNo pregnancyMons pubisLabia minoraEach cycleLu#0B1530 phase (days 14-28)Menstrual phase (days 1-5)Meiosis completes only if fertilizedCorpus albicansFimbriae

  1. fatty pad over pubic symphysis
  2. inner folds; hairless; vestibular skin
  3. mucus-secreting; flanking vaginal opening
  4. pear-shaped; fundus, body, isthmus
  5. oviducts; site of fertilization; fimbriae catch released egg
  6. sweep egg into fallopian tube
  7. implantation site
  8. one dominant follicle resumes meiosis to metaphase II
  9. second polar body extruded
  10. multiple granulosa layers + theca cells; fluid-filled antrum forms
  11. scar if no pregnancy; corpus luteum degenerates
  12. corpus luteum secretes progesterone; estrogen also high
  13. endometrial sloughing; bleeding
  14. hormones drop; endometrium sheds; cycle repeats
  15. pre-ovulation surge triggers ovulation; supports corpus luteum

Define it: high-yield vocabulary

Write a clear definition in your own words for each term.

  1. Ovary
  2. Oocyte
  3. Ovarian follicle
  4. Ovulation
  5. Corpus luteum
  6. Endometrium
  7. Uterine (menstrual) cycle
  8. Follicular phase
  9. Luteal phase
  10. Estrogen
  11. Progesterone
  12. FSH
  13. LH
  14. GnRH

Part 2 of 4 · Anatomy lab

Draw and label

Box A. Female reproductive system (sagittal section)

Directions

  1. Draw a side view of the female pelvis.
  2. Center the uterus (pear-shaped, anteverted, lying over the bladder).
  3. On each side of the uterus, draw a fallopian tube (uterine tube, oviduct) extending laterally and curving toward an ovary. The end of each fallopian tube fans out into fimbriae over the ovary.
  4. Below the uterus, draw the cervix (lower narrow portion of the uterus) and the vagina extending down to the vaginal opening.
  5. Label uterus, fallopian tube, fimbriae, ovary, cervix, vagina.
  6. Inside the uterus wall, label endometrium (inner lining, sheds during menstruation) and myometrium (thick smooth muscle layer).
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Box B. Ovarian and menstrual cycle

Directions

  1. Draw a horizontal timeline across 28 days. Mark Day 1 (start of menstruation) at the left and Day 28 at the right. Mark Day 14 as ovulation.
  2. Above the timeline, draw the ovarian cycle: Follicular phase (Days 1-13), Ovulation (Day 14), Lu#0B1530 phase (Days 15-28). Show: developing follicles (small to large) during the follicular phase, ovulation as a small explosion at Day 14, corpus luteum (yellow body) during the lu#0B1530 phase.
  3. Below the timeline, draw the uterine cycle: Menstrual phase (Days 1-5, endometrium sheds), Proliferative phase (Days 6-14, endometrium thickens), Secretory phase (Days 15-28, endometrium becomes vascular and gland-rich, ready for implantation).
  4. Above everything, sketch four hormone curves: FSH (peaks early follicular), LH (sharp surge at Day 14 triggering ovulation), Estrogen (rises late follicular, secondary peak in lu#0B1530 phase), Progesterone (low during follicular, rises in lu#0B1530 phase after ovulation).
  5. Note: if no pregnancy, the corpus luteum degenerates around Day 25-28, progesterone and estrogen drop, the endometrium sheds, and a new cycle begins.
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Structures to label

Label each on your drawing.

  1. Ovary
  2. Fallopian tube
  3. Fimbriae
  4. Uterus
  5. Endometrium
  6. Myometrium
  7. Cervix
  8. Vagina
  9. Follicular phase
  10. Ovulation
  11. Lu#0B1530 phase
  12. Corpus luteum
  13. Menstrual phase
  14. Proliferative phase
  15. Secretory phase
  16. FSH
  17. LH
  18. Estrogen
  19. Progesterone

Part 3 of 4 · Physiology lab

Reason it through

A. Hormone-organ-action map

Hormonal contraceptives (e.g., combined estrogen + progestin pills) prevent ovulation. Explain mechanistically: which hormones do they mimic, and how does that prevent the LH surge?
Menopause occurs when the ovaries stop responding to FSH and LH. Predict the changes in estrogen and progesterone, the FSH/LH levels (they go UP, due to loss of negative feedback), and explain why hot flashes and bone loss are common consequences.

B. Synthesis

1. A patient is trying to conceive but has irregular ovulation. Predict the effect on her hormonal cycle and uterine lining, and explain why ovulation predictor kits (which detect LH) help with timing.
2. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) involves elevated androgens, irregular ovulation, and insulin resistance. Predict the patient's menstrual pattern and fertility, and explain why follicles fail to mature properly.
3. Ectopic pregnancy: a fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tube rather than the uterus. Predict the clinical course (early pregnancy symptoms followed by acute abdominal pain and bleeding) and explain mechanistically why the fallopian tube cannot support a growing embryo.

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